Definite and Indefinite pronoun
An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:
Transition Word
Transitions are words, phrases, sentences or even paragraphs that relate ideas
and help guide the reader from one idea to another. In moving from one topic to
the next, a writer has to bring the reader along by showing how the ideas are
developing.
Transition words and phrases help
make clear connections between ideas and see that sentences and paragraphs flow
together smoothly, making them easier to read.
Expressing Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
Expressing Satisfaction
and Dissatisfaction
-
how
do you like your room?
-
is
everything O.K ?
-
is
everything satisfactory ?
WEATHER REPORTS AND TABLES/GRAPHS
WEATHER
REPORTS
Definition : Weather Report or
weather forecast is a prediction of weather, often for a specific locality, in
a newspaper, on the radio or television. The weather is predicted through
application of principles of physics and mateorogy.
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS
DEFINITION
A public service announcement is an advertisement that a
television or radio station airs for a cause or a charity.
The objective of a public service announcement is to educate
and create awareness of significant social issues in an effort to change the
public’s attitudes and behaviours and stimulate positive social change.
Public service
announcements (PSA's) can be utilized in three mediums:
·
Newspaper
(print PSA's);
·
Radio
(audio PSA's); and
·
Television
(video PSA's).
ASKING FOR AND GIVING OPINION
Asking for opinion is a skill in a good manner will mean that you get more
information. This section will help students to think about how they can best
put questions in a forum like a meeting, class discussion or question time type
event.
1. Put politely
2.Clear
3. About one issue
4. Encourage a response:
Warning
A warning means giving information
of the danger or unexpected situation that can happen if a person does
something.
A warning is usually in the form of imperative, but it may occur with the modal "must"and "should".
A warning is usually in the form of imperative, but it may occur with the modal "must"and "should".
Hortatory Exposition
Definition
:
Hortatory
exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the
addressee do something or act in certain way. Hortatory exposition is a type of
spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers
that something should or should not happen or be done.
Expressing Relief and Pain
When we have problem and we can solve it, we will feel relief. In other situation, when we feel worried about something that we will face it, we will also feel relief. a relief is lessening or ending of pain and worry.
Gerunds
Definition :
In English, the gerund (or ing form) – for example swimming or smoking – is a type of noun. (Don't confuse it with the present participle, which we often use in continuous tense forms, for example.)
The gerund can be the subject of a sentence: "Swimming is good for you"; or the object of a sentence, "I don't like swimming".
How To Use :
So, Too, Either, Neither
Penggunaannya :
- also dan too dipakai untuk mengatakan ‘juga’ dalam kalimat positif.
letaknya too di akhir kalimat, sedangkan letaknya also adalah:
++ sesudah to be = They are also happy.
++ sebelum verb = We also want to change the world.
++ sebelum main verb = He will also join us.
- Untuk menggabung dan menyingkat dua kalimat positif, digunakan so :
John is handsome and Jack is handsome too.
John is handsome and Jack is too.
=>John is handsome and so is Jack.
He comes to school by motorcycle and I come to school by motorcycle too.
He comes to school by motorcycle and I do too.
=>He comes to school by motorcycle and so do I.
They came late and we came late too.
They came late and we did too.
=>They came late and so did we.
- Either dipakai untuk mengatakan ‘juga’ dalam kalimat negatif :
I am not a teacher. He is not a teacher either.
She doesn’t speak Japanese. I don’t speak Japanese either.
-Untuk menggabung dan menyingkat dua kalimat negatif, digunakan neither :
Bram isn’t tall and Bill isn’t tall either.
Bram isn’t tall and Bill isn’t either.
=>Bram isn’t tall and neither is Bill.
Jim doesn’t go out tonight and Henry doesn’t go out tonight either.
Jim doesn’t go out tonight and Henry doesn’t either.
=>Jim doesn’t go out tonight and neither does Henry.
Granting Request
Granting requests is to express a
wish or ask for to grant a request in a polite or formal way often followed by
an infinitive or by a clause beginning with that.
Expressing Granting Request
- Asking someone to do something:
• Can you give me
the book?
• Could you phone
me at 7 o’clock?
• Would you mind
repairing my watch?
• Do you think you
could take me to the shop ?
• I wonder if you
could write me an application letter?
-Asking someone for something:
• Can I borrow your
pen?
• Could I have a
seat?
• Can’t I sit
beside you?
• May I use your
computer?
- The expression to accept it:
• OK
• Sure
• All
right
• Certainly
• It’s
a pleasure
- The expression
to refuse it:
• I’m
afraid, I ….. (give your reason).
• I’m
sorry, I can’t.
Analytical Exposition
Definition
Exposition is
a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its
social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.
Examining or
liking to examine things very carefully
(Cambridge).
Purpose of Analytical
Exposition
To attempt to persuade the reader to believe something
by presenting one side of the argument.
To reveal the readers that something is the important
case.
Generic
Structure of Analytical Exposition
Thesis: Introducing the topic and
indicating the writer's position.
Arguments: Explaining the
arguments to support the writer’s
position.
Reiteration: Restating the
writer’s position.
Language
Features of Analytical Exposition
Focus on generic human and non-human participants, (e.g.: car,
pollution, leaded petrol car)
Use abstract noun, (e.g.: policy, government)
Use of relational processes, (e.g.: It is important)
Modal verbs, (e.g.: we must preserve)
Modal verbs, (e.g.: we must
preserve)
Connective or Use of internal conjunction to state
argument, (e.g.: first,
secondly, then, finally)
Evaluative language, (e.g.: important, valuable,
trustworthy, etc.)
Giving reasons through causal conjunction
(e.g. so, thus, therefore, hence)
(e.g. so, thus, therefore, hence)
Use of present tense
Passive sentenceExample of analytical exposition :
Career in Translation
Functionally, translation is transferring the message or the meaning and not the word. According to Nida, such translation is called dynamic equivalence translation. It tries to bring the precise message in different language.
Many people like to watch Hollywood movie but many get trouble in understanding to the actors' dialogue. So the way they get the understanding about the movie is reading the translating text running. If Hindi translation is provided, it will bring the better understanding for Indian moviegoer. Hollywood movie spread over other Asia countries. Therefore, Arabic translation, Indonesian translation and Farsi translation are widely needed and that is a big chance for English master in that countries.
India is likely being an English speaking country. India translation will grow better and. It seems Indonesia, Malaysia and Filipina will reach that mark too soon. Translation job will be great in amount and that is good development for translating job seekers.
Mau Lihat Contoh Lainnya Silahkan Kunjungi
Giving Advice
- Definition:
- Menurut ESL Giving advice refers to when we tell other people what we think could
help them. The most common way to give advice is by using the modal verb
'should'. There are also other forms including, 'ought to' and 'had
better' which are more formal. You can also use the second conditional to give advice.to give advice.
- Giving Advice is any kind of
suggestion regarding a possible course of action for another person.
There are
lots of different ways to give advice in English.
We are going
to look at three:
Noun Clause
Definisi Mengenai Noun Clause:
A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject,object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.
Fungsi Penggunaan Noun Clause :
a) A noun clause can be a subject of a verb:
Example: What Zeriz did
shocked his friends
b) A noun clause can be an object of a verb :
Example : Basten’s friends didn’t know that
she couldn’t swim.
c) A noun clause can be an object
of a preposition:
Example : Mary is not responsible for
what Widya did
d) A noun clause (but not a
noun) can be an adjective complement :
Example : Everybody is sad that Dharma drowned
Penggunaan Noun Clause dengan "WH-Question"
Make a
question from the given sentence. The words in parentheses should be
the answer to the question you make. Use question word (who,what, how,
etc) and change the question to a noun clause.
Here is examples to this exercise:
Here is examples to this exercise:
1. That man is (Mr. Robertson).
Question: Who is that man?
Noun Clause: I want to know who that man is.
2. George lives (in Los Angeles).
Question: Where does Robert live?
Noun Clause: I want to know where Robert lives.
Report Text
Definisi Mengenai Report Text :
- Menurut Hallo English Teks report (report text) adalah jenis teks yang mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan bentuk, ciri atau sifat umum (general) benda, hewan, tumbuh-tumbuhan, manusia atau peristiwa.
-Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis
Adjective Clause
berikut adalah materi yang Saya dan teman saya (Alvin) pegang pada kelas XI semester ganjil ini, yaitu Adjective Clause. Apakah "adjective clause" itu ?.
Adjective
Clause
An adjective clause is a clause that describes a word or a group of
words in another clause. Adjective clauses are often part of a complex
sentence.
Asking If Someone Remembers or Not
Asking If
Someone Remembers or Not
Hello, lama gak
ngePost nih, jarang OL gara2 lagi bOkE, hha :D
Kali ini Saya
mau ngePost masalah Asking If someone remembers or not, kebetulan saya dan
teman saya Caesar dapat tugas dari Mr. Erwanto,untuk mengerjakan proyek ini.
Nah, buat
pembaca sekalian yang mau bertanya kepada Pacarnya yang gak ingat kapan pertama
kali jadian, materi berikut bisa dijadikan pedoman,,,, hhahahaha (by Mr. Cupid).
Apa Sih asking
if someone remembers or not………………?
News Item
News Item: is a factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important
Passive Voice
Passive Voice is very popular use, both in everyday conversations and
in reading books. In the Indonesian language sentence is known as a
verb beginning with di-(written, given, scolded, etc.). In the active
sentence we may say so:
Offering
Definition of Offering :
1. The act of making an offer.
2. Something, such as stock, that is offered.
3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation.
4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.
1. The act of making an offer.
2. Something, such as stock, that is offered.
3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation.
4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.
Invitation
Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc
1) Offerins invitation
- Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
- Will you join us?
- Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
- Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
- I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?
Accepting invitation
- Yes,I’d love very much.
- Thank you.
- Yes,with pleasure.
Reffusing
- If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
- Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
- I have got another appointment.
- I’m sorry.
- I’ve lost to work to do.
2) Invitation Verbal
Example:
- We want to invite you to come to our house
- Can you come to my restaurant?
- Are you free tonight?
Accepting
- I like that
- That sounds good
- Thank you for inviting
Refusing:
- I like that but I can’t
- I’m very sorry for not able to come
- Sorry, I’m very busy
Asking Information
Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
- · Could you tell me…?
- · Do you know…?
- · Do you happen to know…?
- · I’d like to know…
- · Could you find out…?
- · I’m interested in…
- · I’m looking for..
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
- · I’m calling to find out…
- · I’m calling about…
Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
1. What is this? This is a tableThis is a table
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Johnny? He’s in the house.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious.
Information about company
- What does your company do?
- What is your specialty?
- What do you specialize in?
- What is your main line of business?
Information about products
- Could you give me some (more) information on this?
- What can you tell me about this (product)?
- Tell me about this one/model.
Information about Price
- What are you asking for this?
- What does this sell for?
- How much is it?
- How much does it run?
Giving Instruction
DEFINITION: GIVING INSTRUCTION IS AN EXPRESSION THAT IS USED IN ORDER THAT OTHER PERSON DOES WHAT WE INSTRUCT OR REQUEST.
GIVING INSTRUCTIONS:
- FIRST(YOU). . . .
- THEN(YOU). . . .
- NEXT(YOU). . . .
- LASTLY(YOU). . .
- etc.
SEQUENCING:
- BEFORE YOU BEGIN, (YOU SHOULD). . .
- THE FIRST THING YOU DO IS. . . .
- I WOULD START BY. . . .
- etc.
STARTING OUT:
- AFTER THAT. . .
- NEXT THING YOU DO IS. . .
- THE NEXT STEP IS TO. . .
- etc.
CONTINUING:
- THE LAST STEP IS. . . .
- THE LAST THING YOU DO IS. . .
- IN THE END
- WHEN YOU'VE FINISHED. . .
- etc.
ASKING FOR INSTRUCTION:
- HOW DO YOU. . . (DO THIS)?
- HOW DO I. . .?
- WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO. . .?
- HOW DO I GO ABOUT IT?
- WHAT DO YOU SUGGEST I PROCEED?
- WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP?
THE EXAMPLE EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING INSTRUCTION:
- OPEN YOUR BOOK!
- CLOSE THE DOOR, PLEASE!
- BE QUIET, PLEASE!
- MOVE THE CHAIR!
- OPEN THE WINDOW!
- PASS ME THE SUGAR, PLEASE!
- STAND UP, PLEASE!
GIVING INSTRUCTIONS:
- FIRST(YOU). . . .
- THEN(YOU). . . .
- NEXT(YOU). . . .
- LASTLY(YOU). . .
- etc.
SEQUENCING:
- BEFORE YOU BEGIN, (YOU SHOULD). . .
- THE FIRST THING YOU DO IS. . . .
- I WOULD START BY. . . .
- etc.
STARTING OUT:
- AFTER THAT. . .
- NEXT THING YOU DO IS. . .
- THE NEXT STEP IS TO. . .
- etc.
CONTINUING:
- THE LAST STEP IS. . . .
- THE LAST THING YOU DO IS. . .
- IN THE END
- WHEN YOU'VE FINISHED. . .
- etc.
ASKING FOR INSTRUCTION:
- HOW DO YOU. . . (DO THIS)?
- HOW DO I. . .?
- WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO. . .?
- HOW DO I GO ABOUT IT?
- WHAT DO YOU SUGGEST I PROCEED?
- WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP?
THE EXAMPLE EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING INSTRUCTION:
- OPEN YOUR BOOK!
- CLOSE THE DOOR, PLEASE!
- BE QUIET, PLEASE!
- MOVE THE CHAIR!
- OPEN THE WINDOW!
- PASS ME THE SUGAR, PLEASE!
- STAND UP, PLEASE!
ADVERTISING
More of advertising
In short, Advertisement is : Information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.
Function of advertisement :
• Promotion
• Communication
• Information
In making an advertisement keep the following points
1. Language of advertisement :
• Using the correct or suitable words.
• Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
• Using positive expression
• Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.
2. Content of advertisement :
- Objective and honest
- Brief and clear
- Not mocking to group or other producer.
Mobile Billboard Advertising
Click Here
Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign. Mobile Billboard companies do not typically carry third-party cargo or freight. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:
• Target advertising
• One day, and long term campaigns
• Convention
• Sporting events
• Store openings or other similar promotional events
• Big advertisements from smaller companies
Public service advertising
Click Here
The
same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and
services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about
non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy
conservation, and global warming.
Commercial advertising
Commercial advertising
Commercial
advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street
furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and
television ads, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts,
web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches, magazines, newspapers,
posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any
place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a
medium is commercial advertising.
Covert Advertising
Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics," because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale.
Covert Advertising
Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics," because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale.
Appoinment
Some expressions that can be used to make an appointment:
Will you pick me up at 2 p.m.?
What if we go cycling on the car free day next Sunday?
Will you go out with me tonight?
What if we go swimming this afternoon?
I'll go to your house at 3 am Is it all right?
Some expressions that can be used to accept an appointment:
O.K. I'll be there on time
No problem. I'm free on Sunday
Sure. I love it
Good idea
Some expressions that can be used to canceling an appoinment
I'm sorry, I'm very busy today
I'm terrible sorry I have to put off my appoinment
Some expressions that can be used to changing an appoinment]
What about 06.00 p.m ?
Well, I mustbe off now. I'll to you later
Narrative Text
Narrative TEXT
Narrative text is text that tells something imaginative or fantasy. Purpose: to entertain the readers.
GENERIC STRUCTURE
· Orientation (introductory story): introducing the characters in the story, setting, and time.
· Complication: the emergence of problems between the characters.
· Resolution: problems can be solved
· Re-orientation (optional): end of story
characteristics:
Using the past tense
Usually begins with adverbs of time (adverbs of time) as long time ago, once upon a time, in a Faraway Land.
Using conjunctions: then, before, after that, etc.
A Legend of Candy Cane
A candy maker in
Indiana wanted to make a candy that would be a witness, so he made the
Christmas Candy Cane. He incorporated several symbols for the birth,
ministry, and death of Jesus Christ.
He
began with a stick of pure white, hard candy. White to symbolize the
Virgin Birth and the sinless nature of Jesus, and hard to symbolize the
Solid Rock, the foundation of the church, and firmness of the promises
of God.
The candy maker made the candy in
the form of a "J" to represent the precious name of Jesus, who came to
earth as our Savior. It also represents the staff of the "Good Shepherd"
with which He reaches down into the ditches of the world to lift out
the fallen lambs who, like all sheep, have gone astray.
Thinking
that the candy was somewhat plain, the candy maker stained it with red
stripes. He used the tree small stripes to show the stripes of the
scourging Jesus received by which we are healed. The large red stripe
was for the blood shed by Jesus on the Cross so that we could have the
promise of eternal life, if only we put our faith and trust in Him.
Unfortunately, the candy became known as a Candy Cane - a meaningless
decoration seen at Christmas time. But the meaning is still there for
those who "have eyes to see and ears to hear".
Gaining Attention
Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want.
Example :
- Attention, please.
- May/can I have your attention, please ?
- Excuse me.
- Look here.
- Listen to me please.
Dialogs :
Teacher : attention please, today we will see a movie in the 21 palma. What do you think.
Linda : that’s great
Timo : that’s cool
Epressing Sympathy
Expressing
sympathy is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know
and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad
condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern of care
fullness on other people’s condition.
We
express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by
post also by short message service, e-mail, television, radio and
newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.
Expressing sympathy :
· I am sorry for what’s happened
· That is a terrible
· I am sorry to know that
· I am sympathy with you
· I know how it feels!
· That’s a pity
· Oh ,no..!
· Oh, dear..!
Responding to condoles :
· Thank you
· That’s life
· That’s very kind of you
· God gives and God takes away.
· There is nothing that can be done about it.
Shape(s) and Part of Body
Shapes are all the geometrical information that
remains when location, scale, and rotational effects are filtered out
from an object.
Simple straight shapes
· Triangle
· Rectangle
· Square
· Parallelogram
Simple rounded shapes
· Circle
· Oval
3D Shapes
· Cube
· Cone
· Cylinder
· Pyramid
· Sphere
Mathematical shapes
· Octagon
· Pentagon
· Hexagon
Miscellaneous shapes
· Heart
· Star
· Elips
· Diamond
Part of body is the entire structure of a human organism and consist of a head, neck, two arms, two leg, etc.
Recount Text
Recount Text is a text that telling the reader about one story action
or activity. It’s goal is to entertaining or informing the reader.
-Orientation
tell who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and
when it happened.
Example : last night, I read an article about adole scene in a
magazine.
-Event
tell what happened and in what sequence.
Example : after I finished reading the article.
-ReOrientation consists of optional closure of event / ending.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)